BK Virus

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Presentation :

Reactivation occurs in approximately 5% of kidney transplant recipients and can cause kidney allograft dysfunction or loss

Polyoma virus
Small DNA virus that establishes lifelong infection in the renal tubular and uroepithelial cells of most of the world's population. For the majority, infection is quiescent and benign
Control of this persistent infection is dependent on CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immunity. When immune control is disrupted (as with immunosuppressive drugs), BK virus can begin to actively replicate. Subsequent inflammation and fibrosis lead to further injury and ultimately tubular atrophy, necrosis, and nephron loss.

Recommend routine screening for BK virus associated nephropathy for all kidney transplant recipients in the early posttransplant period
- Monthly for the first six months following transplant, then every three months until two years posttransplant, and then annually until five years posttransplant
- Whenever kidney allograft dysfunction occurs or when an allograft biopsy is performed for allograft dysfunction